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Arabic Basics
Arabic Basics
Arabic Demonstratives - Leading Words
Demonstratives
haadhaa = this (masculine, singular)
haadha al-kitab = this book. This is a phrase.
haadhaa kitabun = This (is) a book. This is a complete sentence.
haadhaa siraatum mustaqiymun - this is a Straight Path (Yasin #61)
Note: notice the case agreement of the 2 nunations, both “un”.
Note: notice the assimilation of the first nun by the meem.
haadhihi = this (F, singular)
haadhihi il-bint = this girl
haadhihi baqaratu = this is a cow.
haadhihi jahannamu ul-latiy kuntum tuu'aduuna
this (is) a hell, the one that/which (was) promised, (Yasin #63)
haa'ulaa'i (plural) = these
haa'ulaa'I il-awlaadu = these boys.
Note: plural of walad, boy = awlaad, boys.
dhaalika = that (masculine, singular)
dhaalika taqdiyru al-'aziyz il-'aliym
that (is) the decree (of) the Mighty, the Knowing (Yasin #38)
tilka = that (F, singular)
tilka al-baqaratu = that cow
tilka baqaratu = That is a cow.
'ulaa'ika = those (F, plural)
'ulaa'ika al-banaatu = those girls.
Note: plural of bint, girl = banaat, girls
Note: plural Demonstrative Pronouns are only used for humans.
For non-human plurals, the feminine singular is used
al-ladħiy (m) = the ones, those, these
al-latiy (f)
al-ladħiyna (pl)
Negatives:
Laa = no, not
Laam = not, without (contraction of laa and maa’ to lam. Literally; not with, no way.
Ma`a = what, with (no way)
Maa’ hadha = not with that, on that?, with this, etc.
Hal maa’ hadha = ? whats that? - with that (“hal” is an interrogative)
Question Words:
So you want to ask where something is in Arabic. Well it is nearly impossible without
knowing the Arabic word for "where". Now the Arabic word for "where" is أين (ay-na) only
in questions.
man = who
mataà = when
‘aina = where
maadħaa = what
limaadħaa = why (contraction of “li” and “maadhaa” – in what, by what)
kaifa = how
liman = whose (contraction of “li” and “man” -“li-man”– in who, by who)
kam = amount, quantity - how many/how much
bikam = in (what) amout, by (which) quanity
hal bikam shekkel = ? in amount shekkels
kayf fa`alta dhaalik = How (did) you do that? – What (is) that?
(f-^-l) = do (something)
ayna huwa = Where is he?
Do not confuse this word with the word (min) in Arabic. (min) generally means "from",
while (man) means "who". This word goes before someone's name, or a nominative
preposition or a noun. It's function is exactly the same as "who" in question sentences.
man huwa = Who is he?
man anti (f) = Who are you?
man anta (m) = Who are you? (a person)
man dhahaba ‘ilaa al-madrasah? = Who went to his school?
man dhahaba ‘ilaa al-madrasati? = Who went to her school?
dhahab = when/go (prefect tense)
liman = whose? – (for who? With who?)
Future:
sa- = will be, coming. Added to indicate future, or coming event.
maadha sa-taf^al daheen = (fa-^a-la) = do, doing
sa-taf^ala dahiyn = What will you (guy) do now?
maadha sa-taf^aliyn = What will you (girl) do?
Position in space:
tihta = under
‘alaa = on top of, upon, with
fiy = in
fauqa = over, above, on top
Imperitive - Superlative:
Inna = indeed, verily, used to place weight or importance on a word or statement.
Intensive, using the word "in" to mean "inna" is archaic.
anna = the word "anna" works exactly the same way.
Excusative:
laakin = but, rather, usually ends like “inna” when the subject is being mentioned
laakinna = (huwa) qaala anna-nii... He said that I...laákin-nii... but I……….
laisa = not. without, finished, lost, away
qad = now, then, currently
ka- = like, then, subsequently
a laisa kadhaalik = ? not like that
___________________________________________________________________
Home Index:
Arabic Helps
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/
Arabic Verbs
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/arabverb.htm
Mini Dictionary - Qur'an
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/grammar/frames/
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haadhaa = this (masculine, singular)
haadha al-kitab = this book. This is a phrase.
haadhaa kitabun = This (is) a book. This is a complete sentence.
haadhaa siraatum mustaqiymun - this is a Straight Path (Yasin #61)
Note: notice the case agreement of the 2 nunations, both “un”.
Note: notice the assimilation of the first nun by the meem.
haadhihi = this (F, singular)
haadhihi il-bint = this girl
haadhihi baqaratu = this is a cow.
haadhihi jahannamu ul-latiy kuntum tuu'aduuna
this (is) a hell, the one that/which (was) promised, (Yasin #63)
haa'ulaa'i (plural) = these
haa'ulaa'I il-awlaadu = these boys.
Note: plural of walad, boy = awlaad, boys.
dhaalika = that (masculine, singular)
dhaalika taqdiyru al-'aziyz il-'aliym
that (is) the decree (of) the Mighty, the Knowing (Yasin #38)
tilka = that (F, singular)
tilka al-baqaratu = that cow
tilka baqaratu = That is a cow.
'ulaa'ika = those (F, plural)
'ulaa'ika al-banaatu = those girls.
Note: plural of bint, girl = banaat, girls
Note: plural Demonstrative Pronouns are only used for humans.
For non-human plurals, the feminine singular is used
al-ladħiy (m) = the ones, those, these
al-latiy (f)
al-ladħiyna (pl)
Negatives:
Laa = no, not
Laam = not, without (contraction of laa and maa’ to lam. Literally; not with, no way.
Ma`a = what, with (no way)
Maa’ hadha = not with that, on that?, with this, etc.
Hal maa’ hadha = ? whats that? - with that (“hal” is an interrogative)
Question Words:
So you want to ask where something is in Arabic. Well it is nearly impossible without
knowing the Arabic word for "where". Now the Arabic word for "where" is أين (ay-na) only
in questions.
man = who
mataà = when
‘aina = where
maadħaa = what
limaadħaa = why (contraction of “li” and “maadhaa” – in what, by what)
kaifa = how
liman = whose (contraction of “li” and “man” -“li-man”– in who, by who)
kam = amount, quantity - how many/how much
bikam = in (what) amout, by (which) quanity
hal bikam shekkel = ? in amount shekkels
kayf fa`alta dhaalik = How (did) you do that? – What (is) that?
(f-^-l) = do (something)
ayna huwa = Where is he?
Do not confuse this word with the word (min) in Arabic. (min) generally means "from",
while (man) means "who". This word goes before someone's name, or a nominative
preposition or a noun. It's function is exactly the same as "who" in question sentences.
man huwa = Who is he?
man anti (f) = Who are you?
man anta (m) = Who are you? (a person)
man dhahaba ‘ilaa al-madrasah? = Who went to his school?
man dhahaba ‘ilaa al-madrasati? = Who went to her school?
dhahab = when/go (prefect tense)
liman = whose? – (for who? With who?)
Future:
sa- = will be, coming. Added to indicate future, or coming event.
maadha sa-taf^al daheen = (fa-^a-la) = do, doing
sa-taf^ala dahiyn = What will you (guy) do now?
maadha sa-taf^aliyn = What will you (girl) do?
Position in space:
tihta = under
‘alaa = on top of, upon, with
fiy = in
fauqa = over, above, on top
Imperitive - Superlative:
Inna = indeed, verily, used to place weight or importance on a word or statement.
Intensive, using the word "in" to mean "inna" is archaic.
anna = the word "anna" works exactly the same way.
Excusative:
laakin = but, rather, usually ends like “inna” when the subject is being mentioned
laakinna = (huwa) qaala anna-nii... He said that I...laákin-nii... but I……….
laisa = not. without, finished, lost, away
qad = now, then, currently
ka- = like, then, subsequently
a laisa kadhaalik = ? not like that
___________________________________________________________________
Home Index:
Arabic Helps
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/
Arabic Verbs
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/arabverb.htm
Mini Dictionary - Qur'an
http://www.multimediaquran.com/quran/arabic/grammar/frames/
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