Huu Door
Arabic Basics
Arabic Basics
Arabic Prersonal Pronouns and Suffixes
Personal Pronouns
In the examples, notice the agreement of subject and verb suffixes.
There is some repetition, but that is to show different ways of usage.
Singular:
anaa = I
anaa katabtu = I wrote.
anta (m) = you guy
anta katabta = you (m) wrote.
anti (f) = you girl
anti katabti = you (f) wrote.
huwa = he
huwa kataba = he wrote.
hiya = she
hiya katabat = she wrote.
Plural:
nahnu = we
nahnu katabnaa = we wrote.
antum = you all (m)
antum katabtum = you all (m) wrote.
antenna = you all (f)
antunna katabtunna = you all (f) wrote.
antummaa = you two (masc and fem)
antumaa katabtumaa = you two wrote.
hum = they (m)
hum katabuu = they (m) wrote.
hunna = they (f)
hunna katabna = they (f) wrote.
humma = they two (dual masc)
humaa katabaa = they two (m) wrote.
hunna = they two (dual fem)
humaa katabataa = they two (f) wrote.
Note: The examples are given to show how the pronouns and verbs are used, a learning
tool.
Normally, the pronoun is not used. Instead, the verb indicates the pronoun from its
suffix.
"katabtu" the suffix "tu" indicates first person singular. It would normally be “katabu”.
Thereby, there is no need to say the pronoun suffix, although this is done in Qur’an a lot.
That is to keep adding the different prefixes and suffixes to the words to indicate
ownership, leading, and agreement.
Pronouns are usually used as subjects of nominal sentences or again in questions to
represent the subject.
anaa taalib - I am a student
hal anta ustaadh? - Are you a teacher?
Possessive (attached) Pronouns
Certain suffixes are attached at the end of the words to make them possessive pronouns.
I - iy - baytiy - my house
you (m) - ka - baytuka - your house
you (f) - ki - baytuki - your house
he - hu - baytuhu - his house
she - haa - baytuhaa - her house
we - naa - baytunaa - our house
you (masc pl.) - kum - baytukum - your house
you (fem pl.) - kunna - baytukum - your house
you two (masc and fem dual) - kumaa - baytukumaa - you two's house
they (masc pl.) - hum - baytuhum - their house
they (fem pl.) - hunna - baytuhunna - their house
they two (masc and fem dual) - humaa - baytuhumaa - they two's house
Perfect and Imperfect – Past and Present
In Arabic there is the now (imperfect) and the past (perfect). When using pronouns as
suffixes, all you do is choose past of present tense (perfect & imperfect) and add the
appropriate pronoun suffix.
I have tried to indicate ways to write by perfect and imperfect tenses, by the 10 forms.
Please don't think this is the only way to do tenses. This is a partial conjugation.
Using the root (k-t-b)
Perfect:
kataba = wrote/notated
Katabu = #I - I wrote (the -u is all that is left of the masculine pronoun huwa)
Katabti = #I – I wrote (f) (the –ti is all that is left of the pronoun anti)
katabta = he wrote (no pronoun shown, this is the default 1st person, past tense)(implies
he)
kaatiba = #III – correspond
Imperfect:
aktiba = #IV- dictate – imperfect, or happening in the now.
Aktibat = she dictated
Aktibnaa = we (are) dictating
Katibtunna = You all (f) wrote
Kaatibtunna = you (f) corresponded
Kaatibuu = they corresponded
istaktibtum = you (are) asking (by written document)
Istaktibat = she (is) asking/inquiring
Istaktibtunna = they (f) (are) inquiring
Katibnaa = we asked
suffix -ta = you (m)
suffix -ti = you (f)
suffix -a no change from perfect = he (1st person, singular, past tense)
suffix -at = she
suffix -naa = we
suffix -tum =you all (masc)
suffix -tunna = you all (fem)
suffix -uu = they ate (masc).
Arabic Words are Masculine & Feminine
The most common way to tell a masculine word from a feminine word is the ta marbuta.
If a word ends in a “ta” or a “ha” then it is most likely feminine. To make a masculine
word feminine usually a ة (h/t) is added to the end of the word.
For example:
kalb = dog
Kalbah = she dog
baqira = bull
Baqirat = cow, mixed cows
Salihu
Saliha
2 names, a man’s, and the other a girl’s.
Agreement of Vowel and Gender
In Arabic nouns, as well as adjectives, have to agree in gender, as well as number.
For example:
al-waladu kabeerun (not “ta” or “ha”, and vowel agrees “uu”)
The boy is big
al-bintu kabeeratun or kabeeruh (both the noun and adjective end in “ta” or “tun”,
nunation after the “ta”) = The girl is big.
al-waladu Sagheerun = The boy is small.
al_bintu Sagheeruh or Saghiratun = The girl is small.
Al-waladu qaSeerun wa al-bintu Taweelahu or Taweelatun
The boy is short and the girl is tall.
‘ana = I
'ana waladun = I (am) a boy.
-iy & -un
kitaabun = a book
kitaabiy = my book
Subject Pronouns:
nahnu = we, our,
-naa, -niy = suffix
naa- = our, prefix
Personal Pronouns – Possessive Suffixes
anaa = I, my, (m)(f) suffix = -iy,-ya
anta = you (m), 1st person, suffix = -ka
anti = you (f) = 1st person, suffix = -ki
antumaa = you all = 2nd person, suffix = -kumaa
antum = you = 3rd person (m) -kum
antunna = you = 3rd person (f) -kunna
huwa = he = suffix = -hu
hiya = she = suffix = -haa
humaa = they = suffix = -humaa
hum = them (m) = suffix = -hum
hunna = them (f) = suffix = -hunna
Dative - Leading with Possessing Pronoun:
add “li” to any noun, or one of the following pronouns. Means: with, by, in, to, etc.
liy- (m) = with, by, in = 1st person
liya- (f) = with, by, in
lanaa- = for us, by us
laka- (m) = with you, by you = 2nd person
laki- (f) = in, by, with you
lakumaa = with them = 3rd person
lakum (m) = to them
lakunna (f) = to them
lahuu (m) = with him
lahaa (f) = with her
lahumaa = in them = 3rd person
lahum = in him
lahunna = with her
Example:
786
lakum deenikum, wa liy ad-deen. (al-Kafiruwn)
with you all a religion, and in us (is) the (real) religion
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic/Online_resources
http://languagelab.bh.indiana.edu/arabic_n181.html
http://www.language-exchanges.org/
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic/Book/For_Contributors
Back Top Next
In the examples, notice the agreement of subject and verb suffixes.
There is some repetition, but that is to show different ways of usage.
Singular:
anaa = I
anaa katabtu = I wrote.
anta (m) = you guy
anta katabta = you (m) wrote.
anti (f) = you girl
anti katabti = you (f) wrote.
huwa = he
huwa kataba = he wrote.
hiya = she
hiya katabat = she wrote.
Plural:
nahnu = we
nahnu katabnaa = we wrote.
antum = you all (m)
antum katabtum = you all (m) wrote.
antenna = you all (f)
antunna katabtunna = you all (f) wrote.
antummaa = you two (masc and fem)
antumaa katabtumaa = you two wrote.
hum = they (m)
hum katabuu = they (m) wrote.
hunna = they (f)
hunna katabna = they (f) wrote.
humma = they two (dual masc)
humaa katabaa = they two (m) wrote.
hunna = they two (dual fem)
humaa katabataa = they two (f) wrote.
Note: The examples are given to show how the pronouns and verbs are used, a learning
tool.
Normally, the pronoun is not used. Instead, the verb indicates the pronoun from its
suffix.
"katabtu" the suffix "tu" indicates first person singular. It would normally be “katabu”.
Thereby, there is no need to say the pronoun suffix, although this is done in Qur’an a lot.
That is to keep adding the different prefixes and suffixes to the words to indicate
ownership, leading, and agreement.
Pronouns are usually used as subjects of nominal sentences or again in questions to
represent the subject.
anaa taalib - I am a student
hal anta ustaadh? - Are you a teacher?
Possessive (attached) Pronouns
Certain suffixes are attached at the end of the words to make them possessive pronouns.
I - iy - baytiy - my house
you (m) - ka - baytuka - your house
you (f) - ki - baytuki - your house
he - hu - baytuhu - his house
she - haa - baytuhaa - her house
we - naa - baytunaa - our house
you (masc pl.) - kum - baytukum - your house
you (fem pl.) - kunna - baytukum - your house
you two (masc and fem dual) - kumaa - baytukumaa - you two's house
they (masc pl.) - hum - baytuhum - their house
they (fem pl.) - hunna - baytuhunna - their house
they two (masc and fem dual) - humaa - baytuhumaa - they two's house
Perfect and Imperfect – Past and Present
In Arabic there is the now (imperfect) and the past (perfect). When using pronouns as
suffixes, all you do is choose past of present tense (perfect & imperfect) and add the
appropriate pronoun suffix.
I have tried to indicate ways to write by perfect and imperfect tenses, by the 10 forms.
Please don't think this is the only way to do tenses. This is a partial conjugation.
Using the root (k-t-b)
Perfect:
kataba = wrote/notated
Katabu = #I - I wrote (the -u is all that is left of the masculine pronoun huwa)
Katabti = #I – I wrote (f) (the –ti is all that is left of the pronoun anti)
katabta = he wrote (no pronoun shown, this is the default 1st person, past tense)(implies
he)
kaatiba = #III – correspond
Imperfect:
aktiba = #IV- dictate – imperfect, or happening in the now.
Aktibat = she dictated
Aktibnaa = we (are) dictating
Katibtunna = You all (f) wrote
Kaatibtunna = you (f) corresponded
Kaatibuu = they corresponded
istaktibtum = you (are) asking (by written document)
Istaktibat = she (is) asking/inquiring
Istaktibtunna = they (f) (are) inquiring
Katibnaa = we asked
suffix -ta = you (m)
suffix -ti = you (f)
suffix -a no change from perfect = he (1st person, singular, past tense)
suffix -at = she
suffix -naa = we
suffix -tum =you all (masc)
suffix -tunna = you all (fem)
suffix -uu = they ate (masc).
Arabic Words are Masculine & Feminine
The most common way to tell a masculine word from a feminine word is the ta marbuta.
If a word ends in a “ta” or a “ha” then it is most likely feminine. To make a masculine
word feminine usually a ة (h/t) is added to the end of the word.
For example:
kalb = dog
Kalbah = she dog
baqira = bull
Baqirat = cow, mixed cows
Salihu
Saliha
2 names, a man’s, and the other a girl’s.
Agreement of Vowel and Gender
In Arabic nouns, as well as adjectives, have to agree in gender, as well as number.
For example:
al-waladu kabeerun (not “ta” or “ha”, and vowel agrees “uu”)
The boy is big
al-bintu kabeeratun or kabeeruh (both the noun and adjective end in “ta” or “tun”,
nunation after the “ta”) = The girl is big.
al-waladu Sagheerun = The boy is small.
al_bintu Sagheeruh or Saghiratun = The girl is small.
Al-waladu qaSeerun wa al-bintu Taweelahu or Taweelatun
The boy is short and the girl is tall.
‘ana = I
'ana waladun = I (am) a boy.
-iy & -un
kitaabun = a book
kitaabiy = my book
Subject Pronouns:
nahnu = we, our,
-naa, -niy = suffix
naa- = our, prefix
Personal Pronouns – Possessive Suffixes
anaa = I, my, (m)(f) suffix = -iy,-ya
anta = you (m), 1st person, suffix = -ka
anti = you (f) = 1st person, suffix = -ki
antumaa = you all = 2nd person, suffix = -kumaa
antum = you = 3rd person (m) -kum
antunna = you = 3rd person (f) -kunna
huwa = he = suffix = -hu
hiya = she = suffix = -haa
humaa = they = suffix = -humaa
hum = them (m) = suffix = -hum
hunna = them (f) = suffix = -hunna
Dative - Leading with Possessing Pronoun:
add “li” to any noun, or one of the following pronouns. Means: with, by, in, to, etc.
liy- (m) = with, by, in = 1st person
liya- (f) = with, by, in
lanaa- = for us, by us
laka- (m) = with you, by you = 2nd person
laki- (f) = in, by, with you
lakumaa = with them = 3rd person
lakum (m) = to them
lakunna (f) = to them
lahuu (m) = with him
lahaa (f) = with her
lahumaa = in them = 3rd person
lahum = in him
lahunna = with her
Example:
786
lakum deenikum, wa liy ad-deen. (al-Kafiruwn)
with you all a religion, and in us (is) the (real) religion
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic/Online_resources
http://languagelab.bh.indiana.edu/arabic_n181.html
http://www.language-exchanges.org/
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Arabic/Book/For_Contributors
Back Top Next
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
| |
 |
Hudoor Home
 | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |  |